@INPROCEEDINGS{Uijlings09b,
  author = {J.R.R. Uijlings and A.W.M. Smeulders and R.J.H. Scha},
  title = {Real-time Bag-of-Words, Approximately},
  booktitle = {CIVR},
  year = {2009},
  abstract = {We start from the state-of-the-art Bag of Words pipeline that in the
	2008 benchmarks of TRECvid and PASCAL yielded the best performance
	scores. We have contributed to that pipeline, which now forms the
	basis to compare various fast alternatives for all of its components:
	(i) For descriptor extraction we propose a fast algorithm to densely
	sample SIFT and SURF, and we compare several variants of these descriptors.
	(ii) For descriptor projection we compare a k-means visual vocabulary
	with a Random Forest. As a preprojection step we experiment with
	PCA on the descriptors to decrease projection time. (iii) For classification
	we use Support Vector Machines and compare the Chi-square kernel
	with the RBF kernel. Our results lead to a 10-fold speed increase
	without any loss of accuracy and to a 30-fold speed increase with
	17% loss of accuracy, where the latter system does real-time classification
	at 26 images per second.},
  comment = {<b>best paper award</b>},
  doi = {10.1145/1646396.1646405},
  owner = {jrruijli},
  timestamp = {2009.05.20},
  url = {http://www.huppelen.nl/publications/realTimeBoW.pdf}
}