Abstract

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Mario Baldi and Yoram Ofek, "Fractional Lambda Switching - Principles of Operation and Performance Issues", SIMULATION: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International, Vol. 80, No. 10, Oct. 2004, pp. 527-544.

Abstract
This paper introduces fractional lambda (λ) switching (FλS) and studies its blocking issues. FλS uses a global common time reference (CTR) for implementing pipeline forwarding (PF) inside the network. A global CTR is conveniently realized with the UTC (coordinated universal time) standard. Resource reservation over an FλS network requires a schedule. As in other scheduling cases, a call may not be accepted, even though there is enough capacity, because the schedule is not available -- the call is then considered blocked. This work studies the probability of call blocking as a function of link utilization. The results show that (especially if multiple wavelength divison multiplexing channels are deployed on optical links between fractional λ switches) high link utilization can be achieved with negligible call blocking, even when the switching fabric is a Banyan network.